Industrial Flow Technical Applications Lab

Lab Objectives

• Study the behaviour of moving fluids – Analyse the main fluid dynamic quantities (flow rate, velocity, pressure, head losses). – Apply Bernoulli’s principle and the continuity equation to interpret the behaviour of fluids in ducts and variable cross-sections. – Observe phenomena such as the boundary layer, vortices, and flow separation and reattachment.
• Use advanced teaching instruments – Read and interpret data from instruments such as Pitot tubes, nozzles, digital pressure gauges, calibrators and sets of fittings. – Gain skills in calibrating instruments and recognising measurement uncertainties. – Carry out experiments by varying key parameters (diameter, angles, constrictions, openings).
• Understand the practical applications of fluid dynamics – Link the phenomena observed to real hydraulic and pneumatic systems. – Assess the efficiency of ducts, constrictions and bends on the basis of measured head losses. – Develop an analytical approach to solving technical problems in fluid transport.

Educational Aims

• Consolidate theory: turn concepts studied in class (Bernoulli’s equation, continuity, duct resistance) into hands-on experience.
• Train observation and scientific reasoning: recognise visible fluid dynamic phenomena (vortices, free jets, losses) and link them to measured values.
• Develop technical and lab skills: connect fluid circuits, read digital and analogue instruments, manage pressurised systems.
• Teach experimental method: plan experiments, collect data in an orderly way, analyse results and discuss possible sources of error.
• Encourage collaboration: work in groups, share observations and produce complete technical reports.

Conclusion

By the end of the lab, students will have:

• A clear grasp of the fundamental phenomena of fluid dynamics: they will be able to explain, with concrete examples, how pressure and velocity vary in ducts and fittings.
• Acquired operational skills: they will be able to take experimental measurements of flow rate, pressure and head losses with professional instruments.
• Understood the importance of fluid system design: they will be able to assess design choices (bends, constrictions, free outlets) in terms of efficiency.
• Developed a critical mindset: they will be able to compare experimental data with theoretical values, identifying any discrepancies and explaining their causes. This lab provides a solid foundation for the future study and design of fluid dynamic systems in industrial, energy and environmental settings. This solution includes technology that supports inclusion and equal opportunities through innovative teaching methods. It is designed to promote active, collaborative learning.