Advanced Fluid Dynamics and Technical Applications Lab

Lab Objectives

• Study the fundamental principles of hydraulics and fluid dynamics – Analyse flows in closed ducts and open channels, distinguishing between subcritical, critical and supercritical conditions. – Apply Bernoulli’s principle and the continuity equation to interpret converging and diverging flows and energy losses. – Observe typical phenomena such as hydraulic jumps, energy dissipation and the behaviour of surface waves.
• Investigate changes in flow rate and energy – Assess the effect of sluice gates, weirs and changes in cross-section on flow behaviour. – Use Pitot tubes and measuring instruments to acquire real data on velocity and flow profiles. – Analyse the consequences of sudden and gradual changes in cross-section (head losses and dissipation).
• Acquire operational and data analysis skills – Measure flow rate, level and velocity using professional teaching instruments. – Interpret experimental data by comparing it with theoretical values calculated with hydraulic formulae. – Develop the ability to use software for processing data and creating graphs and reports.

Educational Aims

• Make the theoretical hydraulics concepts studied in class tangible, turning formulae and graphs into observable experiences.
• Foster an understanding of how real flows behave, including complex phenomena such as hydraulic jumps, surface waves and energy dissipation.
• Develop technical and methodological skills in using hydraulic benches, measuring instruments and analysis software.
• Encourage the scientific method: planning experiments, collecting data, critically analysing and discussing results.
• Promote collaboration and problem solving: the experiments require teamwork, careful observation and the ability to relate theory to practice.

Conclusion

By the end of the lab activities, students will have: 1. Consolidated their theoretical knowledge of flow rate, velocity, pressure and flow conditions in ducts and open channels. 2. Developed practical skills in taking hydraulic measurements and interpreting the phenomena observed, such as hydraulic jumps and surface waves. 3. Acquired complete experimental skills, including the ability to compare experimental results with theoretical predictions and discuss any deviations. 4. Developed a technical, critical approach, useful for future study and professional applications in civil, environmental and hydraulic engineering. This lab bridges theory and practice, offering an ideal setting for understanding fluid dynamics and preparing students to tackle real projects and applications. This solution includes technology that supports inclusion and equal opportunities through innovative teaching methods. It is designed to promote active, collaborative learning.