Applied Hydrology and Geotechnics Lab: Teaching Tank and Piezometers

Objectives

The pathway develops experimental skills in hydrology and geotechnics through physical models and digital instruments, linking theory and practice in measuring and analysing water phenomena and soil behaviour.

• Behaviour of water in soils and basins
  • Observation of flow in permeable and semi-permeable soils.
  • Analysis of drainage, seepage, infiltration and pressure distribution.
  • Simulation of groundwater and surface water under controlled conditions.
• Principles of hydrology and geotechnics
  • Representation of flow paths and runoff hydrographs at reduced scale.
  • Study of net rainfall, surface runoff and infiltration into the subsoil.
  • Stability analysis of earth dams, quicksand and saturated soils.
• Experimental skills and data analysis
  • Use of physical models to assess water–soil interactions in realistic scenarios.
  • Measurement of flow rate, piezometric levels and runoff times.
  • Comparison between experimental data and theoretical models to validate simulations.

Aims

The lab makes the concepts of hydraulics, hydrology and geotechnics tangible, providing practical skills with hydrological tanks, piezometers, drainage systems and digital data recording.

• Theory–practice: observable models for understanding runoff, infiltration, seepage and drainage.
• Instruments: hydrological tank, piezometers, graduated scales and sensors for precision measurements.
• Scientific method: planning experiments, collecting/interpreting data, comparing with models.
• Real applications: preparation for civil, environmental and geotechnical engineering and hydraulic risk management.

Conclusion

By the end of the pathway, students will be able to:

1. Interpret the main hydrological and geotechnical phenomena by observing the dynamics of surface water and groundwater at reduced scale.
2. Measure flow rates, runoff times and piezometric levels, working with physical water–soil models.
3. Assess drainage, infiltration, seepage and soil stability with a critical, experimental approach.
4. Apply the results to the design and management of hydraulic works, drainage systems and hydrogeological protection measures.

The solution offers a realistic and inclusive setting, with technologies that support innovative teaching methods and active, collaborative learning.