Hydrology, Soils and Engineering Foundations Lab

Lab Objectives

• Study river dynamics and sediment transport o Observe the formation of meandering channels, sandbars, banks and other bedforms in mobile beds. o Analyse the behaviour of river flow as a function of discharge and channel gradient. o Assess the effects of sediment transport and changes in bed morphology.
• Analyse erosion and deposition phenomena o Simulate surface erosion processes and the interaction between water and soil. o Study the influence of water velocity and sediment grain size on the formation of bedforms. o Reproduce natural meandering and sedimentation processes on a small scale in different river scenarios.
• Apply the principles of hydraulics and geomorphology o Calculate flow rates and velocities using measuring instruments (flow meters, piezometer tubes, tracers). o Collect experimental data on morphological changes in channels and on sediment distribution. o Compare experimental results with the theoretical principles of flow, sediment transport and channel stability.

Educational Aims

• Put theoretical knowledge of river hydraulics and geomorphology into practice through hands-on, visual simulations.
• Provide experimental skills in using teaching flumes, tanks and flow and level measurement systems.
• Develop skills in observing and analysing erosion, transport and sediment deposition phenomena.
• Encourage the scientific method: planning tests, collecting data, interpreting them and comparing them with theoretical models.
• Prepare students for real professional contexts, such as hydrogeological risk management, river engineering design and environmental protection.

Conclusion

By the end of the lab activities, students will have: 1. Understood the dynamics of watercourses and sediment transport processes, observing on a small scale phenomena that occur in real rivers. 2. Acquired practical skills in measuring flow rate, velocity and morphological changes in riverbeds. 3. Developed critical analysis skills, comparing experimental simulations with the theories of hydraulics and geomorphology. 4. Gained an applied perspective, useful for designing river engineering works, monitoring watercourses and preventing erosion and flooding. This lab is a bridge between theory and reality, making it possible to understand natural processes through hands-on experiences with strong visual and scientific impact. This solution includes technology systems that support inclusion and equal opportunities through the use of innovative teaching methods. It is designed to promote active and collaborative learning.