Pipe Networks – Applied Hydraulics: Head Losses, Bernoulli and Network Balance

Lab Objectives

• Study the principles of hydraulics and fluid dynamics in pipe networks o Analyse flow behaviour in pipe networks with different configurations. o Assess the influence of pipe diameter and layout on flow rate and pressure distribution. o Apply Bernoulli’s law and the continuity equation in real systems with multiple pipes.
• Develop practical skills in measuring hydraulic parameters o Use the hydraulics bench to measure flow rate, pressure and head losses. o Become familiar with instruments such as manometers, Pitot tubes and stepped volumetric tanks. o Understand the differences between flow in single pipes and in complex networks.
• Link theory and practice o Interpret the characteristics of flow through pipe networks by comparing experimental data with theoretical calculations. o Simulate the real conditions of industrial or civil hydraulic systems.

Educational Aims

• Consolidate theoretical knowledge of hydraulics and fluid mechanics with concrete lab experiences.
• Build practical skills in using educational hydraulics benches and measuring accessories.
• Support understanding of head losses and pressure distribution in real systems.
• Teach the experimental method: planning experiments, collecting and analysing data, comparing with theoretical predictions.
• Stimulate problem-solving skills in settings that simulate real hydraulic systems, such as distribution or drainage networks.

Conclusion

By the end of the lab activities, students will have: 1. Understood flow behaviour in pipes and pipe networks, including head losses and pressure distribution. 2. Acquired practical skills in measuring and analysing hydraulic parameters using professional teaching benches. 3. Developed the ability to interpret experimental results critically, comparing them with the basic theories of hydraulics. 4. Gained applied skills useful for designing and testing civil and industrial hydraulic systems. This lab bridges theory and practical application, which is essential for students on technical and engineering tracks, preparing them for future professional or research work in hydraulics. This solution includes technology systems that help foster inclusion and equal opportunities through innovative teaching methods. It is designed to promote active, collaborative learning.